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In the Outotec® Fire Refining Process, the hot blister copper is charged into an anode furnace for purification. The refining is carried out in batches where the necessary oxidation and reduction stages are used to purify the copper.
Direct-To-Wire is a fire refining technology for optimized production of liquid "fire-refined high-conductivity copper" (FRHC copper) for rod manufacture from copper scrap. The liquid FRHC copper can be used directly in the wire rod casting and rolling process.
However, since the fire-refined metal may contain commercially viable concentrations of precious metals (mostly silver and gold), most of it is cast into thick sheets known as anodes that are sent to the large electrolytic cells, where final refining takes place.
Energy and Environmental Profile of the U.S. Mining Industry Electrorefining – Electrorefining purifies the copper anodes, by virtually eliminating the oxygen, sulfur, and base metals that limit copper's useful properties. In electrorefining, the copper anodes produced from fire-refining are
Copper sheets are produced by somewhat similar methods of manufacture. In the United States the majority of copper sheets are made from electrolytic copper, but in Europe fire-refined copper is used frequently in the manufacture of sheets and plates. Brass. Brass is an alloy consisting mainly if not exclusively of copper and zinc. The brasses ...
Copper Fire refining. The initial product of copper smelting was impure black copper, which was then repeatedly melted to purify it, alternately oxidizing and reducing it. In one of the melting stages, lead was added. Gold and silver preferentially dissolved in this, thus providing a …
SECONDARY COPPER SMELTING, REFINING, AND ALLOYING Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ... Section 12.9 Secondary Copper Smelting, Refining, and Alloying . Including the introduction (Chapter 1), this report contains four chapters. ... fire-refining, electrolytic refining Franklin Smelting and Refining Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Challenges in fire refining. The conventional fire refining process consists of an anode furnace capable of treating blister to anode copper through oxidation by air and reduction by reductant e.g. natural gas, LPG or diesel. However, in most cases controlling of the refining cycle is not optimized and Outotec has identified several areas for ...
The name bullion is restricted to the precious metals, refined or unrefined, in bars or ingots that contain small contaminants. For many years, the term bullion made reference to coins and the name base-bullion is for pig-lead or copper bottoms obtained in smelting operations of lead and copper concentrates.
Fire refining of blister copper then removes most of the oxygen and other impurities, leaving a product at least 99.5 percent pure, which is cast into anodes. Finally, most anode copper is electrolytically refined ³, usually to a purity of at least 99.95 percent.
The refining of blister copper by oxidizing the impurities in a reverberatory furnace and removing the excess oxygen by poling. May be used as an alternative to electrolytic refining, and is in any case carried out as a preliminary to this,
oxidation in the fire refining processes - Crusher South Africa . Posts Related to oxidation in the fire refining processes. ... ted from the refining process because it is broken ... copper …
Melting and Refining Technology for Copper Produced from Scrap Charge An Innovative Approach for Refining Scrap Copper Air Products copper refining technology can refine copper scrap more economically than traditional methods. This technology replaces and surpasses conventional "fire-refining" of scrap-derived copper
Oct 26, 1971· A process is disclosed for fire-refining copper sulfide having a copper to nickel ratio of more than about 7:3, which process comprises maintaining a molten bath of copper sulfide in a turbulent state to volatilize at least about 50 percent of at least one impurity from the group consisting of bismuth, lead, tin and zinc, then surface blowing the turbulent bath of copper sulfide with a free ...
Nov 12, 2012· A short video clip illustrating the process of copper refining that can be viewed online by students or downloaded for showing in class.
The converted copper, known as "blister copper," is recovered. The blister copper then undergoes "fire refining." Air and natural gas are blown through the copper to remove any remaining sulfur and oxygen. The copper is cast into copper anodes and placed in an electrolytic cell.
The blister copper is recovered, and is then subjected to another process called fire refining. In fire refining, air and natural gas are blown through the copper to remove any remaining sulfur ...
fire refining of copper - Feldspar Crusher … fire refining of copper. fire refining of copper XSM excellent mining crushing machinery products or production line design, the …
copper through industrial scale reactor 600 mm in diameter and charcoal grains 30 mm in diameter CONCLUSIONS The continuous fire refining of copper in a packed bed is a feasible process ensuring the proper copper oxidation, sulphur removal and copper reduction before anode casting.
The precious-metal alloys are then treated chemically and by electrolytic refining methods to separate and recover the individual metals. The recovery of precious metals and by-product metals is an important phase of the electrolytic refining of the common base metals.
Impurities in blister copper may include gold, silver, antimony, arsenic, bismuth, iron, lead, nickel, selenium, sulfur, tellurium, and zinc. Fire refining and electrolytic refining are used to purify blister copper even further. In fire refining, blister copper is usually mixed with flux and charged into
All around the world use copper cathodes for achieving the required electrical conductivity. Our company has designed a unique Fire Refining Technology and equipment for copper scrap (Cu>92%) reprocessing and utilizing, which makes possible to eliminate the stage of …
refining. In fire refining, molten blister copper is placed in a fire-refining furnace, a flux may be added, and air is blown through the molten mix-ture to remove residual sulfur. Air blowing re-sults in residual oxygen, which is removed by the addition of natural gas, propane, ammonia, or wood. The fire-refined copper is cast into an-
Fire refining. The blister copper is put into an anode furnace, a furnace that refines the blister copper to anode-grade copper in two stages by removing most of the remaining sulfur and iron, and then removing oxygen introduced during the first stage.
copper scrap fire refining process preparation for your scrap 1st & 2nd scrap tilting rotary furnace automatic ingot casting machine copper wirebar fire-refining process diagram ypical fire-refining process chemical analysis hormesa trains the customer in fire-refining process starting from 2nd quality scrap and guarantees
In both the Old and New Testaments, we find numerous references to the refining of gold and silver . . . as a parallel of God's refining us through painful trials. This unforgettable allegory is meant to help us understand the purpose beyond our pain—to conform us to the character of Christ.
Fire refining. The initial product of copper smelting was impure black copper, which was then repeatedly melted to purify it, alternately oxidizing and reducing it. In one of the melting stages, lead was added. Gold and silver preferentially dissolved in this, thus providing a …
The electrolytic refining of copper produces the high quality, high purity copper required by industry. ... Anode copper Copper concentrate Fire refined copper; Use a periodic table to find the atomic masses of the elements in cuprite and chalcocite. Then work out the percentage of copper in each mineral.